How effective are ship sonars against submarines?

 Ship sonars are generally very effective at detecting and tracking submarines. Sonar, which stands for "sound navigation and ranging," is a technology that uses sound waves to detect and locate objects underwater. Ship sonars use underwater speakers to transmit sound waves, which bounce off objects and return to the ship as echoes. By analyzing these echoes, ship sonars can determine the location, size, and shape of underwater objects, including submarines.

Ship sonars are typically used in conjunction with other sensors, such as radar and electro-optical sensors, to provide a comprehensive picture of the underwater environment. Ship sonars are also often integrated into broader naval systems, such as anti-submarine warfare (ASW) systems, which use a variety of sensors and weapons to detect, track, and engage submarines.

Overall, ship sonars are an important tool in the arsenal of naval forces and are generally very effective at detecting and tracking submarines. However, the effectiveness of ship sonars can be affected by a variety of factors, including the capabilities of the sonar system, the characteristics of the underwater environment, and the tactics and countermeasures employed by the submarine.